International Development  Advisor and Consultant

Economics, Finance, Strategy and Implementation

SUMMARY

Rob Varley is an Economist and Financial Analyst with a practical background,  applying basic theory to help solve complex problems.  He has long-term institutional experience and in-depth technical expertise in several sectors and thematic areas, holding management, consulting and advisory positions while for 15 of his  33 year career in international development, lived in developing countries.  His clients included: 

i. Comprehensive Ministries: Finance, Planning, Home-Affairs, Interior Local Government (LG);

ii.  Line Agencies  : Tourism; Agriculture, Public Works, Irrigation ;

iii. Banks:  Micro, Retail-Commercial, Development, State, Provincial, Central;

iv. Utilities and Public Enterprises:  Water, Sanitation, Estate-Crop Processing;

v.     Public and Private Sector Enterprises : Water and Sanitation Utilities, Hotels, Software;

vi. NGOs: managing USAID-sponsored activities, grant reviews and contributions to publications;

vii. International development agencies: IBRD, ADB, IFC, DFID/ODA, EU, IDA, and USAID as an advisor in both staff consultant and subcontracting roles.

Rob specializes in policy and implementation, building on his extensive experience, identifying the common themes that play out in successful development policies and their implementation. He places great emphasis on talking to a wide range of contacts and field visit,   both to impacted project locations, and within working environments.  His approach emphasizes the use of simple economic, financial and institutional analysis to understand outcomes, and develop bottom-up designs that better match incentives with policy goals, while consciously acknowledging the need to uses the science  of language --  rhetoric, advocacy and metaphor --  to effect change.

At HTS he established the M&E Unit and was Senior Water Resources Economist with a portfolio that included economic and financial project appraisal for irrigation, M&E system design, operation and supervision, implementation of computer systems, and training. 

From 1985-87 he was Resident Coordinator of the HIID–MOF (Ministry of Finance) “Center for Policy and Implementation Studies” (CPIS) in Jakarta,  a direct contract between the Government of Indonesia (GOI and HIID.   CPIS engaged in a dialogue,  using feedback of results from field research to inform its sponsors (the technocrat ministers), of the impact of government programs and how to improve them. He liaised with senior officials and sometimes met with ministers, mentored Indonesian staff, placed them in US PhD courses, directed and participated in studies, and administered the finances of CPIS.  When the successful work that CPIS had engaged on with Bank Rakyat Indonesia(BNRI)  Micro-Banking Division was embedded in a new TA Project in 1987 he joined the small team of 3 resident advisors; he was responsible for savings products testing and monitoring, computerization, MIS and the impact of external subsidized credit programs (tree crops for instance) on the rural financial market.  The TA-Project advised  BRI both on policy/strategy as well as  operations, design, testing, and roll-out of the main savings (SIMPEDES) and  loan (KUPEDES) products. With $ 3.0 billion liabilities in savings accounts averaging about $100 per account, and half that in loan  assets averaging about $1200 per loan, long-term loss ratios have been maintained below 5%,  over 23 years of operation (the 4000 units maintaited overall profitability through the 1998 crisis, contributing to the strength of BRI’s consolidated balance sheet.)  

Mr. Varley joined RTI in 1993 assigned to Washington DC as Director Economics for the WASH (Water and Sanitation for Health), and  then  Director Financial and Private Sector Activities for the successor EHP (Environmental Health Project),  located in the USAID Global Bureau of Health;  he directed and managed activities commissioned by missions,  as well as formulating and working on those with a global health policy agenda for USAID:

1. assessing a role for micro-finance to facilitate investment in on-site water supply and sanitation;
2. evaluating the cost-effectiveness of water supply and sanitation  software to reduce infant disease burden from diarrhoeal diseases (published in the WHO Journal);
3. estimating the costs of coping with intermittent water supplies as a metaphor for the real prices paid, both by the poor and more well off  (these costs were shown to be consistent with CVM estimates); and
4. articulating a strategy for “poverty-targeted interventions prioritizing community “demand and preferences” over external perceptions of “need.”

In 1997 he  returned to Indonesia as a resident advisor and policy economist with CID (Consortium for International Development of  the Western US Universities) advising the planning agency (BAPPENAS) on sustainability of irrigation, irrigation management, fiscal decentralization and institutional reform.  He was a Keynote Speaker at the National Workshop on Water Conservation in South Africa, sponsored by US Department of the Interior, in 1997. While working for  RTI he undertook assignments for ADB and World Bank appraising banking mechanisms to replace the   Regional Development Account (RDA Indonesia) and support LG investment in infrastructure (mostly for water  supply).  Later as an independent consultant he evaluated the RDA program  for ADB in 2000-2001, the conclusions being  summarized in a 12-page paper presented to a joint WB/ADB seminar held in Jakarta in 2001.   

His assignments with the World Bank Group between 1998 and 2004 included project preparation, ICRs, country assistance (sector and thematic background) and project performance audit reviews (PPAR), working for the regions, IEG/OED and WBI, as well as GEF and IFC.  In 1999 he was a member of the design team for a $600 mn Water Sector Adjustment Loan in Indonesia, and more recently made trips to China and wrote background papers for both water resources management and environmental assistance for the China Country Assistance Evaluation (CAE) 1992-2002.  In addition to PPARs for 5 irrigation projects in China and Indonesia, he reviewed 100 ICRs that are the last stage of the project cycle, often requiring negotiation with the regions.  His last assignment was in Azerbaijan, drafting regulations and guidelines for “project cycle” and “economic/financial appraisal” methodology and procedures for public sector investments in an oil rich transitional economy

 

Education

1992
Yale, School of Management, New Haven, CT, MBA (Finance Sequence)

1975
Institute of Education University of London Graduate Certificate in Education,

1973
University College London. M.Sc Economics of Public Policy,

1971
University College London, BSc. Honours, Economics [Hume-Lloyd Scholar 1970], 

 
 

Training:
 

1999; 2000 
World Bank Institute 1)Water Resources, , 2)Decentralization and 3) Procurement

1994 
Facilitation and Team Planning (TRG)

1987 
Harvard Law School (International Taxation Program), PIAM (Program on Investment Appraisal & Management)

 
 

 

 
 

Languages:

Spoken

Written

Comprehension 

English (Native)

Advanced

Advanced

Advanced 

Indonesian

Advanced

Intermediate

Advanced 

French

Intermediate

Intermediate

Intermediate 

 
 

Professional Societies
American Economic Association, Irrigation Management Network

 
 

Countries of Work Experience
East Asia and Pacific: Indonesia, China, Thailand, Cambodia, Philippines, Malaysia, Fiji; South Asia India, Bangladesh; Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan, Turkey; Latin America Caribbean: Haiti, Brazil, Middle East: Saudi Arabia, Iraq; and Africa: Ghana , Sudan, South Africa

Employment Record (Years of Experience in Development 33):

1998-2007
Vekon  Associates,  Independent Consultant, Fairfax, VA, USA;

1993- 1997
RTI (Research Triangle Institute),   Senior Economist / Public Finance Specialist,  Center for International Development, Raleigh, NC,USA;

1992-1993
Checchi and Partners, Banking and Credit Specialist Bank Indonesia (BI)

1985-1993
Harvard Institute for International Development (HIID), Project Associate, Consultant and ,University Officer,), Cambridge, MA;

1977-1985
Hunting Technical Services,  Senior Water Resources Economist and Head of Monitoring and Evaluation Unit, Elstree, Herts, UK;

1977
Institute for Economic Research, UCNW, Bangor, Wales, Research Associate;

1975-77
University of  the South Pacific, Fiji, Lecturer in Economics and Statistics, Research Associate; and ODA(DFID) Research Associate (R3079).

1973-1975
University of the South Bank, London,  Lecturer in Business Economics

 
 

Other
Excellent analytic, rhetorical/advocacy, oral, written  and communication skills; practical experience in many aspects of PC computer hardware and software including Lotus Notes; familiar with WB and ADB project cycle, administrative procedures and MIS; avocation photography.

 

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        Professional Experience and Activities

Delegate Consultant/Advisor Islamic Development Bank, High Level Event Climate Change, Bali 10-11 2007:

• preparation of background paper and draft speech for President of ISDB; and
• report on HLECC outcomes, financing mechanisms and implications for ISDB lending, capacity building and TA program

Institutionalization of Cost-Benefit Analysis, Advisor, Public Investment and Planning Project (PIPP) USAID,  Baku, Azerbaijan (Mar-2007 to Jun-2007)

• advisor to USAID and the Ministry of Economic Development for cost-benefit analysis capacity  building activities to complement past PIPP focus on medium term expenditure planning;
• wrote and edited drafts for sections of comprehensive regulations, which mandate procedures to implement project appraisal and investment budgeting using cost-benefit and other methodologies;
• wrote a 70-page guideline, using examples of social (health and education), productive(irrigation), infrastructure (roads) appraisal requirements, providing rationale, basic methodology and constraints when applying:
• the project cycle, logframe analysis to guide project design, feasibility studies relying on consultants to substitute for agency capacity limitations;
• economic cost-benefit analysis, which separates equity considerations from efficiency, is only as valid as very uncertain timing/ input-output assumptions, quality of constructions, and policies/institutions/budgets to support operation and maintenance necessary to sustain benefits;
• general guidelines where sector specific ones and a capacity building strategy are needed to make policies and guidelines effective; and
• capture by special interest groups and premature appraisal decisions.

“Money Laundering”, Editor/Advisor to  Professor Michael Levi, Cardiff University (Jun-2006 to Aug-2006.)

• Edited, reducing text from 70 to 30 pages,
• contributing examples and practical development perspectives to Professor Levi’s chapter in “The Many Faces of Corruption: Tracking Vulnerabilities at the Sector Level”, Part III,  “Money Laundering and Corruption”

Ghana Millennium Challenge Corporation: Social Infrastructure, Project Economist and Monitoring and Evaluation Specialist Mar –April 2006

• 3 week,  5- person mission to conduct pre-appraisal of a $100 million component of a $500 million grant to Ghana for a $500 million agriculture/irrigation project;
• prepared economic/ financial appraisals for investments in:

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  1. educational infrastructure for primary and junior secondary schools;
  2. rural electrification;
  3. rural water supply & sanitation

• made recommendations and work plans for baseline evaluation of Millennium Development Indicators (MDI); and

• evaluated consistency of the centralized MCC initiative with accountability and performance-budgeting systems for decentralized service delivery (Common Fund), currently also delivered under the umbrella of a national decentralization policy, regional audit, medium-term expenditure framework and donor coordination of fiscal/balance of payments support.

China Country Assistance Evaluation (CAE), World Bank,  Country Assistance Evaluations (OEDCAE),  Evaluator. 2001-2002

• reviewed project appraisals, completion reports, evaluations and collated cross-sector database
• interviewed past and present World Bank China staff and China experts
• made two trips to China, including attendance at 2001 International Irrigation Management Network Conference and final mission;
• wrote background papers that are summarized in the main report and available both as WB publications and on the Bank’s website:

World Bank Assistance for Water Resource Management in China 1993-2003, CAE Background Paper,  Washington DC, 2005

• The World Bank and China’s Environment, 1993-2003, CAE Background Paper,  Washington DC,

Review of World Bank Implementation Completion Reports (ICR) World Bank, Operations Evaluation Department (OEDST), (Dec-1999 to May 2004) 

• wrote executive summaries (ES) for 100 ICRs, reading the appraisal document (PAD) and ICR,   completing a structured 3-4 page ES-Form, and finalizing ratings (up or down) after discussion with OED and project staff when necessary;
• reviewed projects in sectors that included water supply, irrigation, rural development, agriculture, banking, energy, social funds, environment, education, transport, and industry, as well as multi-sector and thematic projects; and
• if judged appropriate (poor performance, rating disagreement, potential for more lessons learned),  made recommendations that in some cases led to a more intensive project performance audit review (PPAR) by OED.

Building Institutions for Good Governance (BIGG Project), USAID Jakarta / Checchi & Partners, Senior Evaluator, Mar-2005 to Apr-2005

• conducted fieldwork in 12 districts (kabupaten) in 6 provinces to evaluate the impact of a low-cost training project, managed by the International City Managers Association (ICMA), for management/training support to LGs implementing new budgeting systems, mandatory under new regulations implementing Decentralization Law 25. Performance-based budgeting (PBB ) for both budget formulation/planning purposes is required, both to report to the LG executive (Bupati), newly-formed local assembly committees, and for budget formulation and sector performance evaluation using easily verifiable indicators.
• evaluated cascade-training model, using local government (LG) staff, not consultants,  with standardized materials for all LGs, confirming their quality and thoroughness of preparation. The regulations themselves were modified using partly as a result of BIGG feedback and documents (Indonesian on one side, English on the other) are distributed on a CD and web;
• evaluated the potential of the model to support the introduction of accrual accounting; and
• rated the project “highly satisfactory” as the demand and supply overflowed project boundaries, without additional USAID resources being required.

“Cambodia Water Resources Strategy Note” WB (EASRD) (Oct-2003 to Apr-2004).

• prepared a comprehensive synthesis of issues facing individual water using sectors, and water resources management policy snd strategy, especially with respect to Tonle Sap, regional cooperation in WRM of the Mekong, environmental impact, fisheries, groundwater, transportation, agriculture, energy and decentralization

“Decentralization and Management of Public Debt”, Advisor ADB / Institute for Public Administration, Advisor: Regional Government Borrowing System in Indonesia.” (Jul-Aug 2003)  

Provided advice to clients on

• reasons for high arrears in past infrastructure loan programs supported by MDBs, GOI and donors and channeled through state banks;
• infrastructure financing alternatives, and management of block grants to district governments that now constitute 40% of the budget and can be used to finance, or partially finance, investments in infrastructure such as water supply, roads, irrigation, school buildings and hospitals
• the practicality, advantages and disadvantages, for one of these, long-term credit lines to provincially owned banks, combined with other capital participation;
• the reliability of BI monitoring of “bank health” or the CAMEL index, and plausibility of securing loans by liens on future block grants; and
• options to mange the massive debt overhang from directed and subsidized programs of investment and remove it from balance sheets.  Much of this debt was assumed without choice or a requirement the borrower’s credit-worthiness be assessed.

“Umbulan: Water Rights and Environmental Issues”, Water Resources Economist, World Bank, EASRD, Bank Netherlands Water Partnership , (Oct-2004 to Nov-2004) 

• based on 3 weeks field work in East Java studying rural environmental conditions and water rights for the 5-cumec Umbulan Spring, and proposed 70km-pipeline pipeline to Surabaya;
• predicted there would be continuing local issues, especially of environmental impact, water rights and impact on local wells; and
• expressed doubt about the wisdom of using an ultra-clean high-value primary source, which is small (in relation to potential re-allocation of Brantas dry season flows), as the least cost way of supplementing Surabaya Area (that includes Sidhohardjo) water supplies, when the utilities are inefficient, unaccounted for water high, and intrusion of waste into leaky pipes carrying low pressure and intermittent water supply, might decrease the value of the Umbulan water resource.

“Water Resources Strategy for the Philippines”, Co-Author, World Bank, EASRD, (Aug-2002 to Sep-2002)

• the first of 4 Country Water Resource Assistance Strategies (CWRAS) for the E. Asia region, the others being for China, the Mekong Delta and the Region.
• “East Asia Pacific Water Resources Assistance Regional Strategy editor/lead writer, World Bank, EASRD, (Sep-2003 to Aug-2003.)
• the regional strategy bringing together examples from individual countries and consolidation of project data across sector classifications.
• “China Water Strategy”  (EASRD),  World Bank EASRD, 2003, editorial contributor (2002)

“Indonesia: Evaluation of the Regional Development Account (RDA) and Alternatives for Financing Urban Infrastructure under Decentralization.”  Staff Consultant to the East Asia Urban Division of ADB. (Dec-2000 to Jun-2001, )

• interviewed staff in ministries, banks with RDA loans, regulatory authorities and provincial bank association;
• collated and analyzed financial statements collected during field visits and through the national association from annual reports;
• wrote comprehensive 70-page evaluation report and annexes, including analysis of alternatives, that was accepted by ADB; and
• wrote an article “Donor Support for Financing Urban Water Infrastructure In the Era of Decentralization.” presented to the Jakarta ADB/WB Seminar on Infrastructure Finance,

Matching Grant Program, Office of Private and Voluntary Cooperation, Bureau for Humanitarian Response,  USAID,  PSC, Senior Grant Reviewer  (1999-2002)

• multi-million dollar poverty-oriented assistance programs, mostly involving evaluated 12 applications over 3 cycles, from NGOs applying for USAID grants to finance microfinance;
• included: Freedom from Hunger, CARE, Oxfam US, Accion, Grameen, CONCERN, FINCA. USAID

“Localization of US educational software for use on MDB financed education projects in Turkey Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan”, International Marketing Consultant to Berkeley Multimedia Singapore, South Seas Software Los Gatos CA, and Cendant Corporation,  (Dec-1998 to Nov-1999)

• led marketing efforts in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkey to supply and localize multi-media educational software to be procured through donor-assisted education projects;
• made 3 trips to Turkey (WB), Kyrgyzstan (ADB) and Khazakhstan (ADB), as well as expos of educational software in US and UK;
• attended World Bank and ADB procurement courses and private sector liaison events; and
• helped partners in Turkey (Halici and Logomotif); win 5 out of 16 bid packages for the World Bank-financed  Turkey Basic Education Project.

Project Performance Audit Reviews (PPAR) “Indonesia: Irrigation Sub-Sector Project I and Central & West Java Irrigation Project” World Bank, OEDST, (Nov-1998 to Feb-1999)

• conducted field visits in Java and Sulawesi, visiting project sites and interviewing water users, irrigation service officials and project staff.  These two key projects, together with ADB co-financing of these, and their own  similarly designed projects, accounted for over two thirds of investment in the irrigation sector between 1986 and 1989;
• successfully justified downgrading of “outcome” and “sustainability” of the projects due to  continuing failure of projects to improve construction quality, maintenance and operational efficiency, while not following through on implementing an agreed policy to devolve responsibility through a system of user fees and empowered water user associations (WUA.)

Project Performance Audit Reviews, China: North China Irrigation, Shaanxi Agricultural Development, and Tarim Basin Projects” World Bank, OEDST (Feb-2000-June 2000)

This combined audit required conducting intensive evaluation of three important projects, reviewing all project files and interviewing World Bank staff. 

• North China Irrigation and Shaanxi Agricultural Development were both poverty targeted and technically demanding, but largely successful although the suffered long delays by incorporating  an overambitious siphon.; and
• Tarim Basin Project – located in the far western Xingxia (home of the Uygur ethnic group) was very successful an example of integrated water resources management, facilitated by political will, seeking and accepting appropriate TA, and a river basin entirely within one province.

Implementation of the World Bank’s 1993 Water Resources Management Policy (WRMP), Consultant to OEDST, (Mar-2000 to June-2001)

• wrote sections of the publication (“Bridging Troubled Waters”) on:
• project performance (measured against the explicit inclusion of the 1993 policy provisions in Country Assistance Strategies);
• Water Pricing; 
• Designed, executed and analyzed an Internet-based survey for a population of 1000 Bank staff respondents, 200 of whom replied, exploring their understanding of, and attitudes to, the policy; and
• prepared a case-study for China,  the Bank’s operations there, if they conformed with the policy, and how the Bank-China relationship with respect to WRM policy.

Writing of Abstracts for the OED Evaluation Database, World Bank OEDPK, Partnerships and Knowledge Programs,  World Bank,  (Jan-2003 to Mar-2003)

• read over 800 executive summaries of bank analytic eports and prepared short summaries within an abstract database;
• recommended that in future all abstracts be the task activity manager’s responsibility as the executive summaries are often very long and not well written.
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Internet-based Survey of Evaluation Training Courses, Consultant, IFC/World Bank OEDPK/  World Bank Institute, (May 2002 to Jun-2002)

• designed and implemented a global survey using web-based software (SNAP), to identify training resources and collect information on courses.; and
• constructed up-datable database.

Indonesia Water Supply Sector Review, World Bank EASUR, Banking Consultant, (Feb-1997 to Mar-1977)

• Visited 8 provincial development banks to update financial data collected for 1996 ADB study, interviewed senior management, staff, clients and appraised local infrastructure demand conditions;
• inspected water utilities and interviewed local officials as well as provincial banks, the national association, and officials in the Ministry of Finance and Home Affairs; and
• Wrote up report on “The Role of the Regional Development Banks as Decentralized Sources of Finance for Water Supply and Other Infrastructure”, including conventional financial ratios, the CAMEL Index (used by BI) and strategic analysis.

Financing Options for Decentralized Water Resources Development and Management in Indonesia (Water Sector Adjustment Loan WATSAL)”, Water Resource Policy Economist,  World Bank, EASRD (Nov-1998 to Dec-1998)

• member of project design mission;
• prepared a report on Fiscal Decentralization and Impact on Water Resources Development and Management in Indonesia, presented to the Minister of Public Works, with recommendations for the reform of water resources development, regional finance and management;
• “Fiscal Decentralization in Developing Countries,  World Bank Institute (July 2000). 
• prepared and presented a case study on “Decentralization and Water Resources Management: the Indonesian Experience ” for a training course on fiscal decentralization.

“Haiti: Design of a Private Sector Infrastructure Fund for Secondary Cities” RTI IQC/ USAID Port Au Prince, (Apr-1999 to May-1999.)

• conducted field work in  Cap Hatien and Jacmel, interviewing civic leaders and members of business community;
• with a Haitian-American investment banker prepared a feasibility study for a fund that would supplement USAID equity, local capital, and some commercial bank interest, with participation of committed members of the Haitian Diaspora as a means of improving financial governance. 

Indonesia Sustainable Irrigation and Decentralization Asian Development Bank (ADB) and BAPPENAS (Central Planning Bureau, Indonesia), Advisor and Policy Economist (May-1997 to Dec-1997)

• designed, implemented, processed and evaluated an inter-provincial survey of 1200 water users, collecting information on practices, institutions and constraints to efficiency and equity of current irrigation management/ asset control regimes in different physiographic conditions;
• designed and conducted  participative workshops in three regional locations;
• coordinated with Ministries of Finance, Planning, and Home Affairs (Regional Finance Directorate General of Ministry); and
• Participated in BAPPENAS seminars and inter-ministry conferences on integrated water resources development in Indonesia.

ADB  Loan and Grant Proposal for TA to  the Regional Development Account Indonesia”, ADB Staff Banking and Finance Consultant (Apr-1996 to May-996)

• member of a two-person team (with Ronald Johnson VP Social Sciences and International Development, RTI International) 
• assessed the financing of local government infrastructure, and the capability of regional banks to act as executing agencies with full assumption of credit risk;
• evaluated the capacity of Ministry of Finance staff to evaluate individual infrastructure projects in the pipeline;
• Developed criteria for the project preparation team to evaluate eligibility of regional banks (BPD) to access on-lent ADB funds;
• interviewed staff  from BI and Minstry of Home Affairs personnel;
• visited 8 regional development banks, collected data, visited, and interviewed local government officials and borrowers.

South Africa National Water Conservation Workshop, , US Department of the Interior/Government of South Africa,  Key Note Speaker (Sep-1997)

• gave a presentation on economic aspects of conservation;
• contributed a paper on the relationship between water tariffs and the welfare of poor.

“Environmental Health Project, Technical Director Finance and Private Sector Activity”,  Global Bureau of Health,  USAID, Washington DC/ RTI,  (Jan-1994 to Dec-1996)

• managed activities, selected consulting staff, wrote TOR and assisted missions formulate and design activities;
• facilitated team planning meetings and administered budgets.
• mission generated activities included
• an NGO-Based peri-urban environmental health project in Peru for Inter American Development Foundation;
• setting up, managing and successfully completing a receptor modeling and air sampling pollution control project in metropolitan Cairo (including procurement and training components); and
• a project to construct municipal wastewater treatment plants in Gabrovo/Veliko Tarnovo (Bulgaria.) Asia Bureau liaison
• applied policy research and published peer-reviewed reports to support a global environmental health agenda :

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  1. “Child Survival and Environmental Health Interventions; A Cost Effectiveness Analysis” (Reducing Disease Burden from Infant Diarrhea) which led to an article in the WHO Bulletin);
  2. “Costs Of Coping with an Intermittent Water Supply” (used as a proxy for estimating willingness to pay or demand), based on a 1200 HH survey in Dehra Dhun, India. Comparison with more expensive and sophisticated econometric CVM (contingent valuation methods) confirmed the usefulness and lower cost of using a proxy, and as well as supporting other hypotheses.  The methodology, and has stimulated similar studies in India and Nepal.
  3. “Financial Services and Environmental Health” –this work applied lessons from microfinance to  household credit for incremental housing improvement, including on-site water and sanitation  facilities; and
  4. “Locally Based Demand” - a conceptual framework for participative environmental health interventions in urban and peri-urban areas, advocating preferences rather than externally articulated “needs” as more effective in the design of poverty-targeted interventions.

Water and Sanitation for Health  Project (WASH), RTI, USAID Global Bureau, Director for Economics / Senior Public Finance Specialist, (Sep-1993 to Dec 1993)

• Managed activities, selected consultants and led WS&S advocacy activities.  Initiated pioneering research, synthesizing the role of microfinance/ household credit for on-site WS&S as a strategy for environmental health improvement in peri-urban areas.

“Urban Infrastructure Project Appraisal”,   Consultant, Urban Development Policy and Finance Project,  HIID / Ministry of Finance Indonesia Urban Training (Jan-1993 to Mar-1993)

• coordinated and supervised course review, revised and synthesized content, while adding modules on business planning, demand estimation, fee structures and economic and financial spreadsheet models of enterprises;
• multiple sessions of the course were held over the period 1993 providing training for staff from water utilities, consultants, Ministry of Finance personnel and local government officials;
• responsible for integration and finalization of all course materials prior to HIID project completion;
• Completed second edition of Pengantar Evaluasi Proyek, (third printing 1997), an Indonesian language text on economic project appraisal, adding two chapters, refining methodology and updating materials from earlier edition authored by Clive Gray et al.

Evaluation of Treecrop Credit Strategies, Bank Indonesia ADB TA, Bank Indonesia / Checchi & Partners, Credit Specialist (May 1992 – Dec2002)

• based in the central bank (BI)worked with multiple executing agencies - Ministry of Estates, Ministry of Finance and the State Banks – on World Bank and ADB financed projects,
• conducted sample surveys (1200 HH) and rapid appraisal of institutions, borrowers, and enterprises in Sumatra and Kalimantan, Lombok and Sumbawa for rubber, oil palm,cloves, coconut, and cashew.
• led a team of 4 senior local consultants from IPB Bogor and appraised both formal and informal credit, state-owned nucleus plantations (NES) and smallholder estates projects(SCCDP, PRPTE);
• analyzed complex sets of loan terms, demonstrating that both borrowers and channeling banks had an incentive to default on repayment to the Government; and
• worked with state commercial banks and the Directorate General of Estates (Agriculture Ministry), successfully putting the case for changes in credit policy to Government of Indonesia,  ADB and World Bank.

Bank Rakyat Indonesia Technical Assistance Project, Resident Advisor, HIID Project Associate, and Consultant,  USAID and World Bank-financed Consultant and Advisor to the Bank Rakyat Indonesia,  Unit Desa (Micro-banking Division) (Oct-1987 to Aug-1993)

• lead advisor for MIS, conducted diagnosis and designed, tested and helped BRI implement a simplified and rapid reporting system, cutting reports generated by ad-hoc requests from senior bank officials, many of these never having been cancelled when no longer needed. The MIS combined key current accounting data, staffing and additional indicators;
• management of new credit and savings instruments (including KUPEDES and SIMPEDES (1985-1993);
• cost-benefit analyses of services sub-contracted to BRI (e,.g. collection of electricity bills), which were in some cases conspicuously unprofitable;
• implementation of a computerization strategy eventually putting PCs in 4000 units (1985-93) to handle both front and back office transactions, validation of pass-books, posting and financial/ management reporting to meet MIS and supervisory reporting requirements; and
• a cost-benefit analysis of investments in PCs to be funded by a World Bank loan, using excess labor demand at peak end of month posting times for a manual system, as the major quantifiable benefit.

Center for Policy and Implementation Studies, Resident Coordinator, Harvard University Officer and Project Associate, HIID/Ministry of Finance Indonesia (Jun-1985 to Oct-1987)

• advisor to the Microfinance Division (Unit Desa) Bank Rakyat Indonesia conducting surveys and analyses of overhead and marginal costs of savings products under different terms (SIMPEDES), market research on borrowers, and the first stage pilot computerization using PCs in 10 units;
• conducted surveys on irrigation management, cost recovery and fees to support irrigation operation and maintenance (O&M);
• wrote HIID Development Discussion Paper on “Irrigation Policy in Indonesia 1968-88” (supported by Stanford Food Research Institute),  and later published in an updated form by LP3ES as “Masalah dan Kebijakan Irigasi” in 1993;
• participated in policy dialogue with World Bank on 1986 Irrigation Sub-Sector Loan I;
• advised Directorate of Water Resources Development on policy and institutional aspects of cost- recovery, O&M, and service fees for irrigation;
• coordinated a staff of thirty local researchers and from 3-10 visiting and resident consultants; and
• administered finances, staff training, overseas placement; and
• designed and taught computer applications for use by researchers (word processing, database, statistical survey, spreadsheet and operating systems

Senior Economist and Head of Monitoring and Evaluation Unit, 

Hunting Technical Services (HTS, now HTSPE) (1977-1985)

• conducted economic and financial project appraisals for agricultural and irrigation projects supported by IBRD, ADB, ODA, EEC, and the Governments of Indonesia, Thailand, Bangladesh, Malaysia, and Saudi Arabia and Sudan. (partnering with engineering consultants, Sir M. MacDonald & Partners (now Mottmac), Binnie & Partners, and Howard Humphries & Partners.))
• set up M&E Unit and promoted use of spreadsheet, word-processing, database programming and specialized survey software (SNAP) for project appraisal, economic/financial modeling,  MIS, socio-economic/ agricultural surveys, performance monitoring and evaluation;
• used Logical Framework Planning for successful minimalist MIS and M&E systems; and
• supervised field staff in M&E work and trained HTS Staff in use of computer software.

Projects: 

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  1. Bangladesh Deep Tubewell - supervision and design of socioeconomic evaluation studies and setting up of simplified monthly monitoring system for World Bank sponsored projects throughout the country 1983-85 (Bangladesh/ World Bank)
  2. Sukhothai Groundwater - Supervision of Evaluation Studies, designing and programming a computerized database for well field operations (Thailand/ UK Government)  1983-85
  3.  Yogyakarta Water Resources Master Plan - one month’s field work in Indonesia followed by three months computer analyses and establishment of database for tubewell operations 1982 Indonesia/ODA/ UK Govt.
  4.  Central Java Groundwater Survey - based in Semarang this project was a provincial plan for developing groundwater resources  In addition to conventional appraisal methods agricultural surveys were completed using microcomputers and a simulation model was constructed showing tradeoffs between water-use, crop choice, deep and shallow tubewells (written up in an article on optimal well field design published in Agricultural Adminstration (special groundwater issue, 1984.)    Financial Analysis included design of water service fees  (Indonesia/UK Government.) 1982
  5. Yogyakarta Water Resources Master Plan - one month’s field work in Indonesia followed by three months computer analyses and establishment of database for tubewell operations 1978-83 (Indonesia/UK Government.) 1983    
  6.  Directorate General of Water Resources Development – design of Project Benefit Monitoring and Evalualtion (PBME) systems for irrigation (Indonesia/IBRD) 1981
  7.  Air Las and Air Selma Irrigation Schemes - preparation of reports on socioeconomic aspects and monitoring and evaluation.  Both schemes were based on major diversion structures serving existing and proposed transmigration areas in Sumatra (Indonesia/EEC/ADB1981;
  8.  Waru Jayeng and Turi Tunggurono Feasibility Studies  -  the economic evaluation of two proposed surface water irrigation projects in East Java, and preparation of a  Project Benefit Monitoring and Evaluation system, subsequently adopted by DGWRD. (Indonesia/EEC/ADB) 1981
  9.  Mussayib Irrigation Project  - completion of final report for a large rehabilitation project in Iraq.  This work was carried out in UK. (Iraq/Government. of Iraq) 1981 
  10. Pullau Penang and Balik Pullau Irrigation - revision of feasibility report (Government of Malaysia.) 1981
  11. Kediri Nganjuk Groundwater -  project appraisal, the design and use of a computerized data processing system for the analysis of an extensive farm survey of the project area in East Java. Feasibility and development plan (Indonesia/UK Government.). 1980-81
  12. Rahad Scheme - member of a mission to appraise proposed $14 million machinery procurement to rehabilitate the Rahad Scheme, a 300,000 acre irrigated cotton and groundnut project in Central Sudan.  In association with a consultant on mechanization a report was prepared involving consideration of all aspects of the scheme and more specifically the relation between proposed machinery acquirement and production targets (Sudan/IBRD). 1980
  13. Umm Er Radhuma Development Plan  - this study required the estimation of supply and demand for wheat and dairy products, the construction of farm models, and the presentation of an overall indicative development plan for irrigated agriculture, in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom (Saudi Arabia/ Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.) 1980
  14. Shadow Pricing Assumptions for Agricultural Projects  - a manual on the methodology for deriving prices to be used in the cost benefit analysis of irrigation projects in Indonesia in Repelita III (HTS/MMP Report). 1979
  15. Gunung Sewu Water Supply  - this study involved a comprehensive field survey of potable water sources and deficit villages.  Over 50 administrative units were visited and data on 600 subunits collected.  Demographic information for each village was combined with indicators of hardship such as distance to nearest source and frequency of drought.  Included appraisal of alternative financing and service fees (Indonesia/UK Government.) 1979
  16. Gunung Kidul Groundwater   an ex post evaluation of the economic and financial success of a small-scale irrigation project on the Wonosari Plateau of Yogyakarta.  The study investigated the influence of tenure status on the incentive to irrigate and constraints in the effectiveness of farmer organization and collection of water charges. (Indonesia/UK Government.) 1978/79
  17. Permanent Weirs in Bali - socioeconomic survey of the subak practices in the Yeh Otan Basin and the development of economic guidelines for appraising replacing temporary weirs with diversion dams (Indonesia/UK Government.) 1978
  18. East Java Groundwater Survey - Comprehensive financial and economic analysis for a study of the economic viability of a range of groundwater projects under varying agricultural and hydro-geological conditions, (Indonesia/UK Government.) 1977-78

Institute for Economic Research, University College of North Wales, Bangor, Research Associate and Teaching Assistant (Jan-1977 to Jun-1977)

• Wrote ODA research report R3079, a book on the “Impact of Tourism in Fiji” (reviewed in Far Eastern Economic Review 5/2/1980) and a Country Intelligence Report for Fiji in the International Tourism Quarterly (Economist Intelligence Unit);
• Lectured to final year macro-economics on economic dynamics Economics and Statistics to first year undergraduates at University of South Pacific..

University of the South Pacific (Fiji), Lecturer and Research Associate (Jun-1975 to Aug-1976)

• taught statistics to first year undergraduates in School of Social Science and Economic Development;
• designed and taught a 3-week course in economics for senior Pacific Island administrators;
• conducted field work for research funded by UK Government by ODA Research Scheme R3079, (regional input-output analysis, surveys to estimate columns for hotel and construction sectors, employment, international landing rights and fares, and cultural impacts.)

University of the South Bank London, Lecturer in Business Economics (Sep-1973 to Jun-1975)

• Taught macroeconomics, microeconomics and environmental economics (degree students);
• used  computer simulations for teaching basic economic concepts (oligopoly pricing, lags in effects of macroeconomic instruments, dynamic equilibrium and stability) ; and
• completed postgraduate certificate in methods for teaching adults in higher and further education  by part time study at Garnett College (a constituent college of Institute of Education, University of London.) 

SELECTED PUBLICATIONS/REPORTS
(in MS WORD CTL + CLICK to go to document)

1. Appraisal of Public Sector Investments in a Transition Economy the Role of the Project Cycle Framework,  Economic, Social and Other Appraisal Methodolgies, October, 2007
2. World Bank Assistance for Water Resource Management in China, CAE Background Paper,  Washington DC, 2005
3. The World Bank and China’s Environment, 1993-2003, CAE Background Paper,  Washington DC, 2005
4. Final Evaluation Report: BIGG (Building Institutions for Good Governance) , Program Evaluation, Democratic & Decentralized Governance Program, Checchi and Partners Washington DC and  USAID/Indonesia, April 2005
5. The Umbulan Pipeline Project:  Water Rights and Environmental Aspect under Decentralization. World Bank/ Netherlands Water Partnership, October 2003
6. East Asia Regional Water Resources Management Strategy (Editor/ Writer), World Bank East Asia and Pacific Region, 2003.,
7. Philippines, Country Water Resources Assistance Strategy 2003, World Bank East Asia and Pacific Region, 2003.
8. Financing Small Scale Infrastructure in the Era of Decentralization, Robert C. G. Varley,  ADB Staff Consultant, Jakarta, March 2001 (Prepared as a background paper for the International Seminar on Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Reform in the Context of Regional Autonomy, Jakarta, May 21-23, 2001.)
9. “The Regional Development Account and Alternatives for Financing Urban Infrastructure, Main Report and Annexes”, AED, Asian Development Bank, January 2001.
10. ”Performance Audit Report, China: Northern Irrigation Project (Cr. 1885-CN), Shaanxi Agricultural Development Project (Cr. 1997-CN); Tarim Basin Project (Cr. 2294-CN)”, World Bank, Sector and Thematic Evaluations Group, Operations Evaluation Department, May 18, 2000
11. “Assessment and Preliminary Design Specifications for a Private Sector Secondary-Cities-Infrastructure Fund”, prepared for the Office of Economic Growth, USAID Haiti, Research Triangle Institute, July 1999 (financed under the “Sustainable Urban Management IQC.) 12. 
12. “Performance Audit Report for Indonesia: Central and West Java Irrigation Project (L2649-IND) and Irrigation Subsector II Project (L3392-IND”)), Sector and Thematics Evaluation Group, OED, World Bank, June 1999.
13. “River Basin Planning Management Decision Support System (RIMDESS) – An International Standard for Decision Support for Water Quality and Allocation”, Tim Bondelid and Rob Varley, Research Triangle Institute, NC, Dec 1999
14. “Financing Options for Water Resources Management in Indonesia under Decentralization” prepared for EASRD, Jakarta, Dec 1998.
15. “Decentralization of Infrastructure – Some Lessons from Water Resources Development and Management in Indonesia”, Powerpoint Presentation to WBI Course on Fiscal Decentralization in Developing Countries, July 10-11, 2000
16. “Conservation And Pricing - Does Raising Tariffs To An Economic Price For Water Make Poor People Worse-Off?”, KyeongAe Choe & Robert C. G. Varley, Originally prepared for the “Best Management Practice for Water Conservation” Workshop, 7-10 September, 1997, South Africa
17. “Irrigation Issues in Indonesia - The Next 25 Years”, Robert C.G. Varley, Visi-Irigasi Indonesia, University of Andalas, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia, 1997 13 (7): 59-86
18. “The Role of Provincial Development Banks as a Decentralized Source of Finance for Water Supply and Other Infrastructure”, prepared for EA3P, World Bank, Washington D.C., May 15, 1997.
19. “A Reassessment of the Cost-Effectiveness of Water and Sanitation Interventions in Controlling Childhood Diarrhoea,” R.C.G. Varley, J. Tarvid and D. Chao, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1998 76 (6): 617-631.
20. “Financing low Income urban household sanitation facilities through household credit.” Sanitation Promotion Kit, The Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council/ World Health Organization, Geneva, 1997.
21. ”Beyond Participation: Locally Based Demand for Environmental Health in Peri-Urban Areas” ,Robert C.G. Varley, May Yacoob, and Scott Smith, EHP Applied Study No 6., December 1996.
22. “Regional Development Account: Indonesia”, Final Report to the Asian Development Bank, co-authored with Ronald W. Johnson, Research Triangle Institute NC, 8 April 1996.
23. “The Costs of Coping with an Intermittent Water Supply: Estimating Willingness to Pay from Revealed Market Demand”, K. Choe & R.C.G. Varley, H. U. Bijlani, RTI, October 1996 (also issued as EHP Report No. 26)
24. “Child Survival and Environmental Health Interventions; A Cost Effectiveness Analysis”, Applied Study No. 4, R.C.G. Varley, Environmental Health Project (EHP), November, 1996.
25. “Masalah dan Kebijakan Irrigasi - Pengalaman Indonesia, (Problems and Policy in Irrigation: Indonesia’s Experience.)” Book published by LP3ES, Jakarta, October 1995 (ISBN 979-8391-15-2.)
26. “Glossary of Financial Terms” - Urban Age, IBRD, (Issue on Urban Finance), October 1995.
27. “Review of Hospes and Brouman, Financial Landscapes Reconsidered”, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, ANU, Canberra, May, 1995
28. “Household Credit and Urban Housing Improvement”, R.C.G. Varley, RTI Working Paper, Feb 1995.  R.C.G. Varley, RTI Working Paper, Feb 1995.
29. ”Financial Services and Environmental Health”, R.C.G. Varley, EHP Applied Paper No 2, Feb 1995.R.C.G. Varley, EHP Applied Paper No 2, Feb 1995.
30. “A Financial Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Computerization of the Unit Desa Banking System”, HIID, Jakarta, July 29 1993.
31. “Financing Tree Crop Development in Indonesia: Past Performance and Changing Government Credit Policies” (Asian Development Bank TA to Bank Indonesia), Checchi & Partners, Washington DC, May 14 1993.
32. “Financial Analysis of Urban Infrastructure Projects”, Guide for Financial modeling  with spreadsheets” for a course conducted at Ministry of Finance Training Center, Jakarta, HIID, , April 1993.
33. “Pengantar Evaluasi Proyek” 2nd ed. (Manual for Project Evaluation)”, Book published by Grammedia Press, Jakarta, 1992 (ISBN 979-511-229-5.), 3rd printing 1997.
34. “Savings Performance and Marketing : Bank Rakyat Indonesia Unit Desas,” HIID, Jakarta, 8 July 1991.
35. ”Irrigation Issues and Policy in Indonesia, 1968 -88” R.C.G. Varley, HIID, Discussion Paper 322, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, Dec 1989,  85pp.
36. ”A Simplified Approach to Economic Evaluation of Well Fields,” R.C.G. Varley et al, Agricultural Administration. 16 4 1984: 263-282.
37. ”Tourism in Fiji: Some Economic and Social Problems” file 1 file  2  review, R.C.G.Varley, University of Wales Press, 1978, ISBN 0 7083 0678 0.5
38. “National Report No.41 Fiji”,, International Tourism Quarterly, EIU, London, 1977

 

Water Resources – related ICR Reviews for OED

 

 
Posted
Country
Major WRM Emphasis
Project Name

1
8/14/2002
China
Dam Hydroelectricity
Ertan Hydro Ii

2
7/31/2000
Lesotho
Dam Hydroelectricity
Highlands Water Phase 1A

3
8/20/2001
China
Dam Multi-Purpose
Xiaolangdi Multipurpose

4
12/5/2003
Indonesia     
Dam Multi-Purpose
Dam Safety Project

5
8/15/2001
Iran
Drainage Urban
II-Tehran Drainage

6
4/28/2003
China
Flood Emergency Prevention
Yangtze Flood Emergency Rehabilitation

7
7/31/2000
Indonesia
Groundwater Irrigation
Groundwater Development

8
5/7/2004
Kenya
Groundwater Irrigation
Kenya Arid Lands Resource Management Project

9
8/20/2002
Pakistan
Groundwater Private Sector
Pvt Sector Ground Wa

10
6/18/2002
China
Inland Waterways
Inland Waterways

11
6/12/2001
Bangladesh
Inland Waterways
Third Inland Water Transport

12
6/21/2000
Trinidad
Institutional Strengthening
Water Sector Institutional Strengthening

13
6/21/2001
Madagascar
Irrigation  - Management Farmer Groups
Second Irrigation

14
8/12/1999
India
Irrigation Groundwater Drainage  
Punjab Irrigation and Drainage

15
8/19/1999
Mozambique
Irrigation Management
Agric&Rehabilitation & Development

16
8/7/2001
Philippines
Irrigation Management
Irrigation Operations Supp II (IOSP II)

17
6/30/1999
Brazil
Irrigation Management
Irrigation Subsector Project

18
8/15/2001
Brazil
Irrigation Management
Northeast Irrigation Jaiba

19
8/12/1999
China
Irrigation Management
Guandong Agricultural Development

20
8/23/1999
China
Irrigation Management
Irrigated Agriculture Intensification

21
4/28/2003
Pakistan
Irrigation Management Community
Balochistan Community Irrigation & Agri.

22
6/19/2001
Mexico
Irrigation Management Delivery Drainage
Irrigation and Drainage Sector

23
5/30/2001
Pakistan
Irrigation management groundwater'
Fordwah E Sadiqia S Irrigation and Drainage

24
4/28/2003
Mexico
Irrigation Management Maintenance
On-farm & Minor Irrigation Networks Imprvmts

25
8/3/2000
Chile
Irrigation Management Water Rights
Irrigation Development

26
8/20/2002
Niger
Irrigation Private Investment
Pilot Private Irrigation

27
6/21/1999
Egypt
Irrigation Pumped Surface
Pumping Station Rehabilitation 2

28
6/30/1999
Sri Lanka
Irrigation Rehabilitation
National Irrigation Rehabilitation

29
6/21/2001
Indonesia
Irrigation Swamps
Integrated Swamps Development Project (ISDP)

30
6/12/2001
Tanzania
Ports
Ports Modernization

31
3/6/2004
Tunisia
Water Supply and Sewerage
Tn-water Supply And Sewerage

32
2/13/2004
India
Water Supply Rural
Up & Uttaranchal Rural Water

33
6/30/1999
Bangladesh
Water Supply Sewerage Sanitation
Urban Development Project

34
4/2/2003
Bangladesh
Water Supply Sewerage Sanitation
Fourth Dhaka Water Supply & Sanitation Project

35
5/7/2003
Venezuela
Water Supply Urban
Monagas Water

36
6/16/1999
Tunisia
Water Supply Urban
Municipal Sector Investment

37
6/27/2003
China
Watershed Management
Loess Plateau Watershed Rehabilitation Project

38
6/19/2002
China
Watershed Management
Red Soils II Develop

39
5/28/2003
Egypt
Environment Coastal Conservation
Egypt - Red Sea Coastal

40
5/29/2003
Egypt
Environment Coastal Conservation
Egypt Pvt Sec Tourism Inf & Env

41
4/28/2003
Jordan
Environment Coastal Conservation
Gulf Of Aqaba Env Action Plan (GAEAP)

42
8/27/2004
Madagascar
Environment Conservation Biodiversity
Madagascar Environ. II

43
9/22/2003
Indonesia
Environment Conservation Biodiversity
Kerinci-Seblat National Park (KSNP)

44
2/24/2004
Mexico
Environment Conservation Biodiversity
Mexico Natural Protected Areas Project

45
2/25/2004
Mexico
Environment Conservation Biodiversity
El Triunfo Biosphere Reserve: Habitat Enhancement

46
12/1/2002
Global (CBD)
Environment Dissemination of Best Practices
Best practices dissemination

47
9/1/2002
E Europe
Environment Management of Toxic Chemicals
Phasing out methyl bromide (MB) in countries  in transitional economies through awareness-raising

48
9/2/2002
Global
Environment Management Toxic Chemicals
Regionally-Based Assessment of Persistent Toxic Substances RBA/PTS5.

49
6/21/2001
Estonia
Environment Water Supply Quality
Haapsalu /Matsalu Bay

50
7/20/2001
Latvia
Environment Water Supply Quality
Liepaja Environment

51
6/26/2003
Lithuania
Environment Water Supply Quality
Klaipeda Environment

 
 
 

 
 
52
9/26/2003
India
Environment Water Supply Quality
Indus Pollution Prevention

53
6/14/2004
Russia
Environment Conservation Biodiversity
Russia Biodiversity Conservation Project

 
 

 
all projects : by country and sector / thematic area

1
Sep-03
Indonesia
Environment Conservation
Kerinci-Seblat National Park Conservation

2
Apr-03
Albania
Social Sector
Albania Community Works

3
Jul-01
Albania
Transport
Rural Roads

4
Jun-01
Argentina
Environment Energy
Efficient Street lighting Program IFC

5
Jul-01
Armenia
Transport
Highway

6
Jun-01
Bangladesh
Transport
Inland Water Transport 3

7
Jul-01
Bangladesh
Transport
Road Rehabilitation & Maintenance

8
Apr-03
Bangladesh
Transport
Roads & Markets Improvement 2

9
Jun-99
Bangladesh
Water Resources Water Supply and Sanitation
Urban Development Project

10
Apr-03
Bangladesh
Water Resources Water Supply and Sanitation
Dhaka Water Supply & Sanitation  4

11
Aug-01
Barbados
Other
Barbados - Human Resources

12
Aug-01
Benin
Finance
Rural Credit II

13
Jun-01
Benin
Other
Food Security

14
Aug-01
Bolivia
Social Sector
Social  Investment Fund II

15
Jun-99
Brazil
Water Resources Irrigation Agriculture
Irrigation Sub sector Project

16
Aug-01
Brazil
Water Resources Irrigation Agriculture
Northeast Irrigation Jaiba

17
Apr-04
Bulgaria
Environment Energy
Energy Efficiency Strategy to Mitigate GHG

18
Aug-00
Chile
Water Resources Irrigation Agriculture
Irrigation Development

19
Feb-04
China
Agriculture
Seeds Sector Commercial.

20
Aug-01
China
Education
China-Basic Education In Poor& Minority Area II

21
Aug-02
China
Energy
Ertan Hydropower Dam II

22
Mar-04
China
Energy
Sichuan Gas Development & Conservation

23
Aug-01
China
Transport
Guangdong Provincial Transport

24
Aug-01
China
Transport
Xinjiang Highway I

25
Jun-02
China
Transport
Inland Waterways

26
Jun-02
China
Transport
Shanghai-Zhejiang Highway

27
Apr-03
China
Transport
China-2nd Shaanxi Provincial Highway

28
Jun-03
China
Water Resources Agriculture
Loess Plateau Watershed Rehabilitation Project

29
Aug-99
China
Water Resources Irrigation Agriculture
Guandong Agricultural Development

30
Aug-99
China
Water Resources Irrigation Agriculture
Irrigated Agriculture Intensification

31
Jun-02
China
Water Resources Irrigation Agriculture
Red Soils II Development

32
Aug-01
China
Water Resources Multi-Purpose Dam
Xiaolangdi Multipurpose Dam

33
Apr-03
China
Water Resources Multi-Purpose Dam
Yangtze Flood Emergency Rehabilitation

34
Sep-02
E Europe
Environment Toxic Substances
Early phase out of methyl bromide (MB)

35
Aug-01
East Timor
Social
Deli Community Employment Generation Project

36
May-03
Egypt
Environment Conservation Coastal
Egypt- Red Sea Coastal

37
May-03
Egypt
Environment Tourism
Private Sector Tourism Infrastructure & Environ.

38
Jun-99
Egypt
Water Resources Irrigation Agriculture
Pumping Station Rehabilitation 2

39
Jun-01
Estonia
Environment Water Supply and Sewerage
Haapsalu/Matsalu Bay

40
 
Global
Environment Toxic Substances
Regionally-Based Persistent Toxic Substances

41
Dec-02
Global
Environment Invasive Alien Species
Dissemination of lessons dealing with alien species

42
Aug-99
Hungary
Other
Product Market Development

43
Sep-03
India
Environment Pollution Prevention
Indus Pollution Prevention

44
Aug-99
India
Water Resources Irrigation Agriculture
Punjab Irrigation and Drainage

45
Feb-04
India
Water Resources Rural Water Supply
Uttar Pradesh & Uttaranchal Rural Water

46
Jun-01
Indonesia
Energy
Second Rural Electrification

47
Aug-99
Indonesia
Finance Agriculture
Agricultural Financing Project

48
Aug-01
Indonesia
Other
Telecom IV

49
Aug-02
Indonesia
Social Sector
Social Safety Net Adjustment

50
Jun-05
Indonesia
Water Resources Irrigation Agriculture
Central and West Java Provincial Irrigation Development Project

51
Jun-05
Indonesia
Water Resources Irrigation Agriculture
Irrigation Subsector II (O&M) Project

52
Jun-01
Indonesia
Water Resources Irrigation Agriculture
Integrated Swamps Development Project (ISDP)

53
Jul-00
Indonesia
Water Resources Irrigation Groundwater
Groundwater Development

54
Dec-03
Indonesia     
Water Resources Multi-Purpose Dam
Dam Safety Project

55
Aug-01
Iran
Water Resources Drainage
II-Tehran Drainage

56
Apr-03
Jordan
Environment Conservation Coastal
Gulf Of Aqaba Environmental Action Plan

57
Jul-01
Kazakhstan
Other
Kazakhstan Real Estate Registration Pilot Project

58
Aug-02
Kenya
Energy
Emergency Energy Credit

59
May-04
Kenya
Water Resources Irrigation Groundwater
Kenya Arid Lands Resource Management Project

60
Aug-01
Laos
Education
Education Development EDP)

61
Jul-01
Latvia
Environment Water Supply and Sewerage
Liepaja Environment

62
Aug-02
Lebanon
Energy
Power Sector Restructuring

63
Jun-99
Lesotho
Other
Second Population Health and Nutrition

64
Jul-00
Lesotho
Water Resources Multi-Purpose Dam
Highlands Water Phase 1A

65
Jun-03
Lithuania
Environment Water Supply and Sewerage
Klaipeda Environment

66
Aug-04
Madagascar
Environment Conservation
Madagascar Environ. II

67
Jun-01
Madagascar
Water Resources Irrigation Agriculture
Madagascar Second Irrigation

68
Jul-01
Malawi
Education
Primary Education

69
Aug-02
Malawi
Social
Social Action Fund

70
Jun-99
Mali
Water Resources Irrigation Agriculture
Office du Niger Consolidation

71
Feb-04
Mexico
Environment Conservation
Mexico Natural Protected Areas Project

72
 
Mexico
Environment Conservation
Triunvo Biosphere Reserve

73
Jun-01
Mexico
Finance Rural
Rural Financial Markets TA and Pilots

74
Jun-01
Mexico
Water Resources Irrigation Agriculture
Irrigation and Drainage Sector

75
Apr-03
Mexico
Water Resources Irrigation Agriculture
Farm & Minor Irrigation Improvements

76
Aug-99
Mozambique
Water Resources Irrigation Agriculture
Agricultutal Rehabilitation & Development

77
Aug-01
Nicaragua
Transport
Roads Rehabilitation and Maintenance

78
Aug-02
Niger
Water Resources Irrigation Agriculture
Pilot Private Irrigation

79
Aug-00
Nigeria
Agriculture
Agricultural Research

80
May-01
Pakistan
Water Resources Irrigation Agriculture
Fordwah E Sadiqia S Irrigation & Drainage

81
Apr-03
Pakistan
Water Resources Irrigation Community
Balochistan Community Irrigation

82
Aug-02
Pakistan
Water Resources Irrigation Groundwater
Private Sector Groundwater

83
Aug-01
Philippines
Water Resources Irrigation Agriculture
Irrigation Operations Supp II (IOSP II)

84
Jun-01
Poland
Transport
Roads

85
Aug-02
Romania
Social Sector
Social Development Fund (APL #1)

86
Jun-99
Sri Lanka
Water Resources Irrigation Agriculture
National Irrigation Rehabilitation

87
Aug-02
Tajikistan
Water Resources Irrigation Agriculture
Pilot Poverty Alleviation

88
Jun-01
Tanzania
Transport
Ports Modernization

89
Feb-04
Thailand     
Energy
Metropolitan Distribution Region

90
Jun-00
Trinidad
Water Resources Institutional
Water Sector Institutional Strengthening

91
Jun-99
Tunisia
Water Resources Water Supply and Sanitation
Municipal Sector Investment

92
Mar-04
Tunisia
Water Resources Water Supply and Sanitation
Water Supply And Sewerage

93
Jul-01
Turkey
Education
Employment & Training

94
Jul-01
Uganda
Agriculture
Agricultural Research & Training Phase I

95
Nov-01
Uganda
Education
Education Sector Adjustment Credit

96
May-03
Uganda
Energy
Uganda Power III

97
Aug-01
Ukraine
Energy
Coal Sector Adjustment Loan

98
Aug-01
Ukraine
Energy
Coal Pilot

99
May-03
Venezuela
Energy
Monagas Water

100
Aug-01
Zambia
Energy
Petroleum Rehabilitation

101
Aug-01
Zambia
Social Sector
Social Recovery II

102
Jun-00
China
Water Resources Irrigation Agriculture
Tarim Basin

103
Jun-00
China
Water Resources Irrigation Agriculture
Shaanxi Agricultural Development

104
Jun-00
China
Water Resources Irrigation Agriculture
Northern Irrigation